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Welcome to Asset Allocation

Founded in 1997, we provide independent analysis and insight each month on asset class valuation, portfolio construction and risk management to a global audience of investment managers, financial advisers and sophisticated individual investors.

We help our subscribers to limit their downside risk, build better portfolios, keep up with new products and research, and make better investment decisions in the face of uncertainty.

Our research is based on the application of complex adaptive systems theory (also known as the adaptive markets approach). We believe that financial markets are filled with positive feedback loops and nonlinear effects caused by the interaction of competing strategies (for example, value, momentum, and passive approaches) and underlying decisions made by people with imperfect information and limited cognitive capacities who are often pressed for time, affected by emotions, and subject to the influence of other people. As a result, while attracted to equilibrium, they never reach it, and can sometimes generate substantial over and undervaluations. Under these conditions, mean variance optimization is likely to produce disappointing portfolio results. Given this, we take an innovative approach to portfolio construction that is based on multiple regimes (high uncertainty, high inflation, and normal growth), stochastic optimization (to assess shortfall risk and goal achievement under a wide range of scenarios) and evolutionary search (for integrated asset allocation and rebalancing strategy solutions that are robust in the face of uncertainty).

We provide model portfolios in eight currencies, including AUD, CAD, CHF, EUR, GBP, INR, JPY and USD. They are based on a combination of broad asset class index funds and uncorrelated alpha strategies. The former include real return (inflation protected) bonds, nominal bonds, foreign bonds, domestic and foreign commercial property (real estate), commodities, timber, and domestic, foreign, and emerging market equities. We also add new asset classes to our model portfolios as they become investable. For example, in 2009 we will add equity volatility. Our model portfolios also include explicit rebalancing strategies.

A second implication of our adaptive markets perspective is that when overvaluations reach dangerous levels, we believe that relatively passive approaches to risk management (such as diversification and automatic rebalancing) must be supplemented with more active approaches, like increasing allocation to liquid assets and buying put options. To enable our subscribers to make these decisions, each month we provide them with fundamental valuation and momentum updates for asset classes in all the currency regions we cover, as well as updated economic scenarios that assess potential asset class valuation and systemic risk changes over a longer time horizon. Our monthly research also includes feature articles on new products, strategies, and analytical methodologies.

At a time of unprecedented uncertainty in the world economy and financial markets, the analysis and insight we provide each month is more important than ever. For example, in March 2000 and again in May 2007, we advised our subscribers to hedge or reduce their exposure to dangerously overvalued asset classes.

The quality of our research has been recognized around the world.

As Barron's has noted, "If you're looking for loads of editorial content on asset allocation, check out IndexInvestor.com...The content is thorough, and the investing rationale carefully explained." In the U.K., Money Management magazine said "IndexInvestor.com keeps us up to date both with the latest thinking on risk, and the surest way of reducing it to a level that we find satisfactory."

Our research is provided via two publications. The Index Investor is published on a monthly basis. Each issue contains year-to-date returns for multiple asset classes and uncorrelated alpha strategies, a review of current asset class valuations, an economic update with implications for future asset class returns and allocations, year-to-date results for our model portfolios, a review of new products and strategies, letters to the editor and one or more feature articles. A subscription to The Index Investor also includes access to all our back issues (list of topics is available), as well as collections of articles on different investing topics to facilitate education and self-study. Subscribe today and start getting the knowledge and insights you need to make better asset allocation and risk management decisions.

We started Retired Investor because the challenges facing these investors are actually more complex than those facing investors who are still in the accumulation stage of their financial lives. In Retired Investor, we focus on key questions such as, "Will we outlive our savings?" "Will we have enough money to cover long term care or other unexpected expenses?" "Will we be able to leave something to others?" We help investors and their advisers answer these questions on the basis of evidence, logic and good analysis. In addition to asset class valuation, strategic and tactical asset allocation, risk budgeting, rebalancing and the appropriate use of active (uncorrelated alpha) and passive strategies, in Retired Investor we also address important issues surrounding the use of annuities. Retired Investor is published ten times per year. Each issue contains year-to-date returns for multiple asset classes and uncorrelated alpha strategies, a review of current asset class valuations, an economic update with implications for asset allocation, year-to-date results for our model portfolios, a review of new products and strategies, letters to the editor and one or more feature articles. A subscription to Retired Investor also includes access to all our back issues (a list of topics is available), as well as collections of articles on different investing topics to facilitate education and self-study. Subscribe today and start getting the knowledge and insights you need to make better asset allocation and risk management decisions.

04.09 April 2009 Further Discussion of Carbon Credits as an Asset Class and Model Portfolio Performance from 2004 - 2008; Economic Update: Situation, Scenarios, and Asset Allocation Implications; Product and Strategy Notes: Closer Look at Asset Class Returns (2006-2008); Bank Stress Tests; More Bad News for Active Funds; and New Products and Interesting Research Papers

03.09 March 2009 Economic Update: Situation, Scenarios, and Asset Allocation Implications; Product and Strategy Notes: Two Interesting Papers on Commodities; News of Note for Advisors; Two Interesting Hedge Fund Papers; On the Product Front and Foreign Currency Bonds....Again

02.09 February 2009 Uncorrelated Alpha Strategies Detail; Keeping an Eye on Long Term Trends; Economic Situation Update; Product and Strategy Notes: Carbon Update; Will This Crisis Finally Change Investor Behavior?; Private Equity Update; Interesting Research; Product Reviews: JBGOUA.SW, ZGLD.SW, USO, USL, ADANX, BWZ, ISHG, IGov, PSAIX; Changes to Index Investor's Uncorrelated Alpha Allocation

12.08/01.09 December2008/January 2009. Double Issue. What Will We Tell The Clients?; 2008 Year End Situation and Methodology Update and Product and Strategy Notes: How to Deal with Real Debt Burden; Why He Madoff with Their Money; Great Writing Not to be Missed; Interesting Data Returns; Thought Provoking Research; and New Products

11.08 November 2008. Where Do We as Investors Go Now?; Are Emerging Market Equities Undervalued? and Product and Strategy Notes: Interesting New Papers and Products; Debt, Deflation - and Depression?

10.08 October 2008. Economic and Asset Allocation Update and Product and Strategy Notes: Is a Financial Crisis a Normal Accident?; New Products and Studies; and The Supply of and Demand for Commodity Index Returns

8.08/09.08 August/September Double Issue 2008. Looking Back on the 2007 Credit Crisis, Possible Implications of Some Trends that Cannot Continue and Product and Strategy Notes: Profitability of Active Managers and Other News from the Private Equity Front


Thoughtful Quotes

"My great regret is that I and so many of us who have been involved in this industry for so long did not recognize the serious possibility of the extreme circumstances that the financial system faces," [Robert] Rubin wrote in a letter to Vikram Pandit. - Reuters, Jan 10, 2009

"In 2007, the people who ran Wall Street, and the ones who regulated it, did not understand how serious the financial crisis was becoming." - Floyd Norris, The New York Times, Dec. 19, 2008

"Big (and negative) changes are not too far away in the world economy, even as global growth continues to be strong, equity indexes around the world hit new highs, and credit risk margins are at near record lows...There is still an element of chance as to what will be the event or events that reverses the herd and sets the crash in motion. That these events frequently aren't clear, even in retrospect - just read the studies about the events of 1929, 1987 or 2001 -- means that forecasting them is basically impossible. However, we are not without indicators that something dangerous is building up in the system....For example, earlier this year we had a sudden burst of volatility that disappeared almost as quickly as it arrived...Foreign central banks - not private investors - are today funding most of the U.S. current account deficit...Most recently, we have seen many U.S. housing indicators plunge, without apparent impact on consumer spending or financial market risk premiums and returns...Liquidity is at record levels, and this is typically associated with the quickening development and subsequent rapid deflation of financial market bubbles...There is also considerable evidence that many asset classes have simultaneously become overvalued, which is a rare event in historical terms. Moreover...the collapse of housing bubbles is likely to have a far more severe impact than the collapse of an equity bubble...Analysts tend to underestimate the risk they face, and financial models - including the Value At Risk Models that underpin many institutional investors' risk management plans - inadequately capture it...Greed and fear are finely balanced today, and it won't take much to tip the balance in the latter direction...Given the strong linkages between asset classes created by developments in the derivatives markets, we think any downturn could quickly accelerate and spread across many asset classes...In the ten years our publications have been in existence, we have never suggested taking what for us is a radical step: reducing one's exposure to different asset classes, and raising holdings of cash...Yet in spite of the possibly unpleasant tax consequences, we think that reducing exposure to the most overvalued asset classes and either raising allocations to undervalued asset classes or moving into cash (or short term government bonds) looks more and more like the most prudent course of action. We wish that wasn't so. But we can't ignore the increasingly insistent warning voice that keeps us awake at night." - The Index Investor, May, 2007 - "Why We Don't Sleep Well at Night" (Complete Article is available.)

"We are often asked whether or not we believe the U.S. equity market is overvalued. Our answer is a resounding "yes!" .... It is certainly possible that from time to time relative valuations (e.g., of bonds versus equities) will get so glaringly out of line that it makes sense to temporarily move beyond your target portfolio weights for each asset class. If you believe (as we do) that this is the case today in the United States, then your next question is "what can I do about it?"...The first option is to simply sell your S&P 500 index, and reinvest the proceeds in a bond market index fund...The second option is to purchase a put option on the S&P 500 Index..." - The Index Investor, March 2000

You can always reach us at questions@indexinvestor.com

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